Multiple Sclerosis Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Various Sclerosis (1) 33% of a million Americans experience the ill effects of MS and an extraordinary level of those individuals are ladies. Ladies represent 73% of MS victims. (2) MS generally strikes youthful grown-ups between the ages of 20 and 40 years of age. (8) There are even a few instances of MS being analyzed in youth. Numerous sclerosis is a sickness that influences the focal sensory system, assaulting the mind and the spinal string. MS assaults myelin, the greasy material that goes about as a defensive covering to the body's nerves. (1) The aggravation of the nerve tissues covering the nerves can influence any piece of the sensory system and differs from individual to individual. (7) Normal nerve work diminishes with the beginning of MS since MS makes scars structure on the covering of the nerve. Numerous Sclerosis gets this term since it actually implies scars. (1,7) The covering of the nerve with myelin is significant so the nerve can transmit flags quickly and productively. Demylelination empowers the nerve to convey driving forces appropriately by either blocking or easing back transmission and this is the reason the different indications of MS happen. (1) Manifestations related with Multiple sclerosis comprise in a wide range. MS could cause a deadness of the appendages, loss of vision, or even loss of motion. (2) There is no particular arrangement of side effects that a patient may encounter since MS may have influenced various pieces of the sensory system. A few patients may encounter lost equalization, precarious strolling, awkwardness, obscured vision, spasticity (a spring-like protection from moving or being moved), unusual discourse, memory misfortune, feebleness, and bladder issues are to give some examples. (1) In any one patient the side effects may change with each assault. (7) The side effects can last up to days or... ...ave MS are experiencing an illness from which there is no fix and can just have their side effects reduced for some time. Prior obligatory testing ought to be at the bleeding edge for the youthful grown-ups that MS targets. > WWW Sources 1)What is MS?, http://www.msif.org/language_choice.html 2)What is Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.nationalmssociety.org/ILD/home/ 3)Multiple Sclerosis: Overview, http://medstat.med.utah.edu/ 4)References on Multiple Sclerosis and Marijuana , http://www.druglibrary.org/ 5)Multiple Sclerosis, Mulitiple Sclerosis Symptom, Multiple Sclerosis Treatment, http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web3/www.pychealth.com 6)My Life and Fight Against Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.angelfire.lycos.com/ 7)Multiple Sclerosis, http://health.yahoo.com/ 8)Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.msif.org/language_choice.html

Bill Clinton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bill Clinton - Essay Example Clinton woke himself up on Sunday mornings, wore his best garments at that point strolled to Park Place Baptist Church, which was a large portion of a mile away from his home to go to administrations alone. Gospel music performed by the congregation ensemble was among the significant impacting elements to Clinton’s love for the congregation, which additionally motivated him to begin playing the jazz saxophone. When Clinton was through with his secondary school training, he had built up his abilities in playing jazz saxophone where many remembered him as the best saxophonist in the city (Finkelman and Wallenstein 80). Clinton went to Hot Springs High School, which was an isolated secondary school for the whites where he turned into a heavenly understudy notwithstanding being a necessary individual from the school’s jazz band. Clinton went to the Arkansas Boys State in 1963 and was effectively chosen the Arkansas delegate for the American Legion's Boys Nation. Every deleg ate got an opportunity to meet the USA president which gave him an open door through a challenge to meet the then President John F. Kennedy. Because of the photograph shoot the youthful Bill Clinton had warmly greeting President Kennedy; the photo has since become a notorious picture implying a going of the authority mallet between ages of present day Democratic initiative (Benson 11). His political nature having taken roots in his secondary school years, Clinton in a split second entered college governmental issues at the Georgetown University being chosen leader of his green bean and sophomore classes yet later lost the political race for understudy body president in his lesser year. Clinton at that point moved his concentration from grounds governmental issues to his work as an assistant for the Foreign Relations Committee, which at the time was under Senator Fulbright (Benson 19). Clinton’s prompt accessibility to take the Rhodes grant to go to Oxford University he had wo n while at Georgetown University became dubious soon after his appearance in Oxford as he was required back to Arkansas when he got a draft notice. To guarantee he goes to Oxford, Clinton joined up with the ROTC program at the University of Arkansas Law School to maintain a strategic distance from military assistance, however didn't go to graduate school that fall, as he came back to Oxford to take up his grant (Benson 27). It was while going to the Yale Law School in the wake of seeing out his Rhodes grant, that Clinton met Hillary Rodham, a brilliant young lady whose political targets were in amicability with those of Clinton (Finkelman and Wallenstein 80). The Clintons moved to Arkansas after their graduation, where Bill took up a showing position at the University of Arkansas yet since his heart was in governmental issues, he immediately entered the universe of legislative issues. His originally took shots at an elective seat in the wake of moving on from Yale was in 1974 when h e confronted the Republican officeholder U.S. Place of Representatives John Paul Hammer Schmidt in a political decision Clinton lost. Clinton lost the political race in just barely to the shock of many denoting his height as the quick rising political star of the Arkansas Democratic Party. Clinton was to include again the political races two years after the fact this time getting chose the state lawyer general a position he held until 1978 when he ran for the governor’s position crushing Republican Lynn Lowe to get probably the most youthful senator in American history at 32 years old (Gaines 16). Having made sure about his

Funding your education at SIPA part 4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Funding your education at SIPA part 4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Student Loans About 40% of SIPA students use student loans as part of their financing strategy, and there are a number of options available to them.   Most borrow fixed rate loans from the federal government, which offer flexible repayment options.   Most federal loans are not credit-based, but have annual limits to the amount that can be borrowed; the Graduate PLUS loan is the exception to both of these rules.   But other credit-based loans are available from private lenders, some of which may be available to international students so long as they have a US citizen who can co-sign the loan for them. For students who are US citizens, permanent resident aliens, or political refugees, the federal government makes a number of loan programs available that students can use, if necessary, to fund the full cost of their education, including living expenses.   In order to be considered for any loan from the federal government, a student must complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA.   There are three different federal loan programs available to graduate students.   They are:  The Unsubsidized Federal Direct Loan (a/k/a Stafford Loan); currently at 6.8% interest, which accumulates during enrollment (hence “unsubsidized”, Congress eliminated the interest subsidy to graduate students starting 7/1/12).   While you are enrolled, you will have the option of paying your interest (less expensive long-term option) or capitalizing the interest (adding it to the principal).   Unsubsidized Direct Loans are available for up to $20,500 per academic year.   Visit www.studentloans.gov for more information.  The Federal Graduate PLUS Loan; currently at 7.9% interest, and like the Unsubsidized Direct Loans, interest will be accumulating during your enrollment.   The Graduate PLUS Loan can cover the full difference between your total cost of attendance (which includes tuition, fees, books) minus other aid or loans received, but unlike other student loans available from the federal government, the Graduate PLUS loan is credit based.   For more information, visit studentloans.gov or click here.  The Federal Perkins Loan; offered at 5% interest, which is fully deferred while you are enrolled.   Perkins Loans are only available to a limited number of students, based on financial need.   Annual loan amounts typically range between $2,000 and $6,000; for more information, click here. There are also loans available from private lenders.   Private loans do not require completion of the FAFSA, and some are available to international students who have a US citizen who can co-sign the loan form them (click here for some loans available to international students).   Most private loans do not have strict annual limits and can be borrowed for the full cost of attendance minus other aid.   At this time, interest rates tend to be lower than those of federal loans, but federal loan interest rates are fixed, and private loans (which are much less regulated) are variable.   Private loans also tend to offer borrowers less flexibility and fewer features during repayment than federal loans.   All students are free to select their own loan products and lenders, but due to repayment flexibility and the certainty of fixed interest rates, most SIPA students have opted to use federal loans. In a future blog post, we will discuss student loan repayment; there are many repayment options available for federal loans that can make your student loans manageable, even one that could forgive some of your indebtedness.

Literature in the ESL Curriculum - 1859 Words

The place of literature in education Why read literature? To many of us, such a question seems as strange as asking â€Å"why breathe?† as literature has been part of our life, family, school, and community for as long as we can remember. Of course, there are those who argue that what today’s students need is preparation for the â€Å"real world,† but in the push for practical preparedness we sometimes overlook the importance of educating students’ imaginations. Literature offers windows to worlds outside students’ experience as well as mirrors onto the world they already know. Literature also prepares students for the personal challenges and moral dilemmas they are likely to face. We interpret the world constantly in all our experiences every†¦show more content†¦What can easily be tested by questions with wrong and right answers is not, typically, what is of most interest and value in the literary text. From 1939 to 1945, literature becomes â€Å"a political safeguard against indoctrination and propaganda† and as a way to know what â€Å"others† were thinking. Literature is increasingly seen from 1945 to 1957 as only appropriate to advanced level study, to which the student gains access after having mastered the linguistic structures carefully graded through audiolingual methods, a pleasurable reward for the successful, and an â€Å"entertaining supplement to audiolingual drills†. In the next period, roughly 1957 to 1979, culture becomes a more important area of study and literature is seen as reflecting a particular culture. From 1979 until the end of twentieth century literature comes to be valued in the context of the rise of communicative language teaching, as â€Å"authentic text†. Now literature gives the opportunity for vocabulary acquisition, the development of reading strategies, and the training of critical thinking. The learner is the most important in the communicative paradigm, the author, his or her intentions tend to be forgotten and the language of the text is more an inconvenient obstacle on the way to examination of â€Å"culture† and society, rather than central to those notions, and of interest in itself. A similar story emergesShow MoreRelatedEvidence Based Medicine, Literature Review1433 Words   |  6 PagesJoy Ogunmuyiwa Evidence Based Medicine, Literature Review Course Director: Heather McEwen, M.L.I.S., M.S. October 25, 2015 â€Æ' Introduction For many patients, language and culture set the background and context for the procurement and application of their health literacy skills. Health literacy is defined as the degree to which an individual is able to access, understand, and communicate information in order to promote and maintain their health [1]. However, a third of U.S. adults—77 million people—wouldRead MoreThe Learner On The Mainstream School : Discuss The Nature Of An Esl Learner And The Cultural Considerations Teachers1589 Words   |  7 PagesThe ESL learner in the mainstream school: Discuss the nature of an ESL Learner and the cultural considerations teachers need to be aware of which may impact on the learner’s second language acquisition and, therefore, inform classroom practice. As Australia continues to become a multicultural country schools and educators are getting more students who have English as a second language (ESL) in their classrooms. It is important that educators have an understanding about ESL students so they areRead MoreThe Capstone Product ( Found As An Attachment1671 Words   |  7 Pagesoverview of the project components that were incorporated into Contact, Conflict, and Cohesiveness program. Because there is a gap for student-centered programs in the area for community colleges and for adult ESL programs, this potential archetype could contribute a new form of curriculum for not just a local level but at a national level for community college as well. When planning this capstone project for an English as a Second Language program, there were some critical components that neededRead MoreReading Instruction For English Language Learners1012 Words   |  5 Pagesstate academic assessments (Section 1001, p. 15).. As ELL populations increase so do the pressures on teachers, schools, districts, and states to increase the numbers of ELL students who meet state-governed reading proficiency. A review of the literature The research found that ELL students in the experimental schools, and specifically those participating in secondary-tier interventions using curricula with a direct instruction approach and delivered in small groups demonstrated greater outcomesRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Or Foreign Language1635 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review. Several recent studies illustrate that student disaffection in English Language classrooms is a very real problem in many counties. In the following studies various terms are used to describe English Language Learning. The abbreviations: ESL (English as a Second Language), EFL (English as a Foreign Language), and ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) are used within the context of each of the following studies in keeping with the original authors’ terminology. The commonRead MoreEssay about Pragmatic Develpment in a Second Language669 Words   |  3 PagesIn line with the fact that speech acts of suggestion themselves have not been studied in the same capacity as other speech acts (Schmidt, et al., 1995), L2 pragmatics literature on suggestions is also quite limited. Only a small number of researchers have made attempts to explicitly address suggestions, how they are used in classroom interaction, and teacher-student conversations in conferences. Overall, a unanim ous agreement exists among the available research (Bardovi-Harlig and Hartford, 1990Read MoreThe Percentage Of Public Elementary And Secondary School Students1046 Words   |  5 Pagesproficiency† on standardized assessments (Section 1001, p. 15). As ELL student populations increase so does the pressure on teachers and schools to increase the numbers of ELL students who meet state-governed reading proficiency levels. A review of the literature The researchers’ in this study conclude that ELL students participating in secondary-tier interventions using curricula with a direct instruction approach and delivered in small groups presented greater outcomes in student progress on DIBELS assessmentsRead MoreMy Career Plan For Teaching English1731 Words   |  7 PagesMy degree program at UCO has been focused on teaching English as a second language to adults; however, my career plan includes teaching English literature and language at secondary level. I plan to use my degree when students who are non-native speakers of English are a part of my classes. In these cases, I will use altered mainstream curriculum to teach English, a method known as Content-Based Instruction (CBI). While observing an English composition and research class, I encountered an instructorRead MoreGraphic Novels : Are They `` Real `` Literature?916 Words   |  4 PagesGraphic Novels: Are they â€Å"Real† Literature? Graphic novels are an up and coming new genre of literature. In any aspect, new concepts and ideas that are introduced are always put into question of how capable they are. Many people believe that graphic novels are not a type of literature that can be used in a classroom because they are not â€Å"real books† (Crawford Weiner, n.d). I believe that graphic novels should be offered and encouraged in classrooms. According to Julia Rick, many educators areRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Language Successfully By An Esl Teacher1091 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish as a second language successfully, an ESL teacher needs to engage students in various kinds of activities to improve students’ reading and reading abilities, as well as offer more activities to practice their speaking and listening abilities. He/she needs to teach students skills, strategies, and other knowledge and consider other important issues that may affect their English language learning. Firstly, the teacher needs to design a curriculum that includes various kinds of knowledge based

`` Wild Nights `` By Emily Dickinson - 961 Words

The poem â€Å"Wild Nights† was written in 1891, and first published in 1891. It is a very short poem written by Emily Dickinson. Emily Dickinson was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, and throughout her life she lived in isolation. Dickinson spent quite a few years in the Academy studying English and other courses. Consequently, she left the Academy at age of 15 in order to get higher education. Emily Dickinson was known to be one of the greatest and most unique poets. Dickinson secretly created bundles of poetry and wrote a lot of letters. Most of Emily Dickinson’s secret poetry and letters were discovered by her sister Lavinia, Dickinson’s outstanding work was published after her death. The poem â€Å"Wild Nights† can be understood in several different ways, but the most noticeable interpretation is how the poem talks about passion, expression of love and sexual desire. It seems to describe a passionate encounter between two lovers. In her poem â€Å"Wi ld Nights† Emily Dickinson uses a lot of metaphors and anaphora to express her passion for her lover. Emily Dickinson began writing poetry in her teen years. In late 1855, Dickinson moved with her family back to Homestead, which was her birthplace. Her father, Edward Dickinson, was a lawyer who later on became a treasurer of Amherst College. Her mother, Emily Norcross Dickinson, was a very humble person. Dickinson had an older brother named Austin and a younger sister, Lavinia. Dickinson’s parentsShow MoreRelatedEmily Dickinson s Poem Wild Nights- Wild Nights 1295 Words   |  6 PagesLooking at the Gothic poet of the 18th century, Emily Dickinson, and her poem â€Å"Wild Nights- Wild Nights!† I can compare and contrast it to a goth song, â€Å"My Secret Garden† (1982), by Depeche Mode. The main highlight that unites both of these pieces, though the time difference is relatively long, is the fact that they both describe a secret atmosphere. They are also comparable because Dickinson is talking about the wild nights that she imagined and Mode is talking about the secret garden, which inRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinsons The Storm1253 Words   |  6 Pageswants to extend her vacation, which she does want to do. In Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Wild Nights†, the poet displays the image of a stormy night full of passion. The speaker is saying that there will always be a way to love as long as there is a heart waiting. In the beginning of the poem, the speaker is away. Then in the second stanza, the speaker does not let the storm get in the way because the heart is enough to guide the way. Emily Dickinson writes â€Å"Done with the compass, /Done with the chart!† as aRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Misty Wall 1183 Words   |  5 PagesAshley Vargas Misty Wall ENG 231 April 30, 2015 Emily Dickinson: Love Emily Dickinson lived a very solitary life. Though countless of her poems involved a topic of love. How did she cover the theme of love while living in her own world? Well, she goes about this in different types of poetry such as spiritual communication, using the combination of love and sex, and the separation of lovers (Emily Dickinson.). Dickinson lived in total physical isolation from the outside world but it was statedRead MoreEmily Dickinson : The Point When A Reader1749 Words   |  7 PagesHorieh Introduction to Literature Professor Knoernschild November 27, 2015 Emily Dickinson At the point when a reader hears the name Emily Dickinson, they consider a female who composed verse that has been surely understood for a considerable length of time and years. Much to their dismay that Emily Dickinson established American Literature, and began an entire unrest of verse. The procedure Dickinson used to keep in touch with her verse was at no other time seen and was the foundationRead MoreEssay on Emily Dickinson: Untitled, Unregulated, and Unchained942 Words   |  4 Pagescross-stitched and framed on your grandmother’s bathroom wall, and engraved into silver lockets. Regarded as one of the greatest American poets, you are no stranger to her work. You know her name. Say it. Emily Dickinson. And boy, was she a wierdo! †¦admittedly, most geniuses are. Emily Dickinson dedicated most of her privileged, reclusive life to her art. She employed a brilliance for lyricism, unconventional form, syntactical experimentation, and set the course for possibilities of poetic craftRead MoreSex Through The Centuries By Emily Dickinson1013 Words   |  5 Pagesthe more recent poem â€Å"Wild Nights-Wild Nights† by Emily Dickinson. This is partly because of the way that people spoke at that point in time, and partly to disguise the meaning with subtlety. The more recent poem shows less eloquence, but it does have a double meaning. They are both, however, deceptive on the surface with underlying sexual messages in their context. A comparison of â€Å"Come, My Celia, Let us prove† by Ben Jonson and â€Å"Wild Nights-Wild Nights† by Emily Dickinson shows that love and desireRead MoreThe Themes of Emily Dickinsons Poetry3970 Words   |  16 PagesThemes of Emily Dickinsons Poetry Emily Dickinson was a great American poet who has had a lasting effect on poetry, yet she was a very complicated poet in the 1860s to understand, because of her thought patterns. Dickinson wrote from life experiences and her deepest thoughts. She wrote for herself as a way of letting out her feelings. Dickinson Wrote 1,775 hundred poems but only published seven in her life time because she did not write poetry for publishing. In fact, Emily Dickinson left a letterRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Death And Made1091 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson was a writer that had a morbid, yet beautiful way of expressing her thoughts. It takes many times to read her work and finally grasp some of what she means. Her poems leave the reader questioning and wondering why exactly a certain stanza was written that way. Dickinson wrote about death and made it seem as though she knew what it was really like, those very last moments of life. Then on the other hand, she wrote about happy experiences in li fe, sexual ones, and some that make insaneRead MoreConcept Of Death in ‘Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night versus ‘Because I Could Not Stop For Death1167 Words   |  5 Pagesdying. In examining the poem Because I Could Not Stop For Death? by Emily Dickinson and Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night? by Dylan Thomas, it is evident that the poets use contrasting and comparative techniques in their unique presentations of the concept of death. In the poem Because I Could Not Stop For Death? Emily Dickinson presents the idea of acceptance of death, whereas in the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night? Dylan Thomas presents the idea of refusal and opposition to deathRead MoreAmbiguity of the Concept of Death: a Comparison of ‘Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night?and ‘Because I Could Not Stop for Death1201 Words   |  5 Pagesdying. In examining the poem Because I Could Not Stop For Death? by Emily Dickinson and Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night? by Dylan Thomas, it is evident that the poets use contrasting and comparative techniques in their unique presentations of the concept of death. In the poem Because I Could Not Stop For Death? Emily Dickinson presents the idea of acceptance of death, whereas in the poem Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night? Dylan Thomas presents the idea of refusal and opposition to death

7 Lies All Students Tell Themselves †Yes, Even YOU! Free Essays

It doesn’t matter if you’re a first year Fresher or a Post-graduate veteran, there are some universal ‘truths’ to being a student that we are all guilty of committing. In fact, these are less ‘truths’ and more ‘lies’ that we tell ourselves every year! Do any of these sound familiar: this term I’ll be more organised, I’ll work harder, spend less and say no to the bar crawl†¦. Yeah, that’s what we thought. We will write a custom essay sample on 7 Lies All Students Tell Themselves – Yes, Even YOU! or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. I’ve got loads of time Certainly the art of procrastination is a students’ most loved past time – listening to music, tidying the room – it’s all seemingly very important. But guess what, the longer you procrastinate and put off starting work, the less time you will eventually have when you decide that it is time to work. So stop checking Facebook and start looking at that textbook! 2. Grammar, spelling and referencing doesn’t matter. These things always count. Even if they aren’t included as points, your lecturers are influenced, either consciously or unconsciously, when they can’t stay focused on your ideas because of all of the typos or when they can’t follow you because your papers have no organization to speak of. If you need help with your grammar, spelling or referencing skills then our site can help – find out how. 3. This term I’ll be more responsible with my money Managing your finances as a student can be stressful – prioritise your studies and not your nights out and you will not only be surprised of the money you save, but how much more productive you are with your revision – after all, it’s hard to study when you’re in a bar. You can also check out our Top 10 Ways for Students to Save Cash for helpful tips. 4. I can do this essay in one night The deadline is looming and not one word has been written, and before you know it, you are confidently telling yourself ‘ it’s fine, I’m going to finish my assignment tonight’. Except that never happens. Don’t make this mistake and plan ahead. If you’re really struggling to write your essay, then our site’ Essay services might be able to help – check them out here. 5. I don’t need to take notes, I’ll remember this point You might convince yourself that you’ll remember something important your lecturer said. However, come exam time you’ll be staring, confused, at a blank sheet of paper, cursing your over-confidence. Don’t make the same mistake; always take as many notes as you can when in your lectures. Our Essential Life Hacks article has some fun ways you can manage your note-taking! 6. I know this topic like the back of my hand, I don’t need to check my essay Take responsibility for your time and make sure you allow time for revisions†¦not just a first draft and then a quick proofread. Be thorough – this is what is standing between you now and getting top marks tomorrow. If you need help proofreading your essay or need an Academic Edit to help boost the quality of your work, our site can help. Click here to find out how. 7. I will attend more, ALL seminars and lectures You might have 9AM lectures, but when it’s cold and wet outside, it’s just so hard to remove the duvet and get out of bed. We know it can be hard – in fact, for some of you this is a feat with comparable difficulty to running a marathon – but avoiding your lectures is not going to help you pass your degree! This is something that needs to change. How to cite 7 Lies All Students Tell Themselves – Yes, Even YOU!, Essay examples

Basics of Strategic Planning and Management

Question: Discuss about the Basics of Strategic Planning and Management. Answer: Introduction The company, Fortescue Metals Group Limited is situated in the Pilbara area of Western Australia. The company is primarily involved in the business of shipping iron ore to China. The partnership has been a win-win situation for all concerned parties. The Chinese government is heavily dependent on the iron ore being exported from Australia by the Fortesxue metal groups limited. The company has also grown significantly since inception in 2003, owing to the volume of iron ore being exported to the peoples republic of china. The Australian Economy has benefited from the huge employment opportunities provided by the company as well as through the royalty revenues being paid to the government. Company Positioning The company is a start-up that commenced operations in 2003. It has positioned itself to tap into the market for exporting the iron ore to China. The increasing demand for iron ore in China, has fueled several exciting opportunities for the company which is also helping to improve the employment opportunities for residents of Western Australia. BHP Billiton Ltd, Rio Tinto Ltd and Hancock Prospecting Pty Ltd are the primary operators in the Pilbara area of Western Australia. Fortescue Metals Group Limited is a start-up that has been able to capitalize on the extensive market for Australian Iron ore in China. Industry Analysis The mining industry in Western Australia is one of the biggest contributors of revenue as well as employment opportunity provider in the country (Australianmining.com.au, 2016). The huge potential for iron ore in various parts of Western Australia is helping several start-ups like Fortescue Metals Group Limited to emerge as the centre of the economic growth story being charted in Western Australia. The Under the guidance of its chairperson Mr. Andrew Forrest, the Fortescue Metals Group Limited, aims to carve a niche in the iron ore export industry. The Company is catering to the increased demands of Australian iron ore in China and anticipates a significant growth in exports in line with the Chinese initiatives to improve the living conditions of its rural population and relocate them to urban areas with improved conveniences and infrastructure. Mission The company mission is to increase its exports of iron ore and thus improve the profits of all stakeholders. The company looks at increasing its employment base in tune with its growth and thus providing greater employment opportunities for people in Australia. Since Australians employed in the Mining industry tend to be less mobile, the employment opportunities offered by the Fortescue Metals Group Limited would be vested with the natives of Western Australia. The company intends to grow significantly by tapping into the huge mineral reserves in Western Australia. In line with its present growth trajectory, the company is expected to continue with its significant contribution to the GDP of the country through the royalty reserves that it pays the government for use of the mineral basin. Porters 5 Force Analysis The five forces analysis looks at the five significant forces to help determine the competition in the current business scenario. The factors that need to be considered includes supplier power, buyer power, competitive rivalry, threat of substitution and the threat of new entrants (Fitzpatrick, Nguyen and Cayan, 2015). The force, scale and size of the impact of these factors is seen in the scenario analysis carried out on the basis of the five forces theory by Porter. Supplier Power: This refers to the manner and ease with which suppliers can influence the prices of the end products (Mindtools.com, 2016). In the case of the Fortescue Metals Group Limited, the suppliers are the mines of Western Australia that are mined by the company. The primary factor that contributes to the supply of iron ore are the mining capacity of the company as well as the allowances ad restrictions placed on the company by the Australian government. Buyer Power: Buyer power refers to the ease with which buyers can influence the prices of the commodity (Mindtools.com, 2016). Since the Fortescue Metals Group Limited are catering only to the Chinese demand at present, the sales and exports are dependent on a single buyer. This places the company in a precarious position since the company would be easily influenced by the demands of China. The possibility of them dictating prices and driving the process southwards is a major failing of the marketing strategy being employed by the company. Competitive Rivalry: The number as well as the capability of competitors is a major concern for all companies. This is because these competitors may erode the companys customer base and this would have adverse effects on the financial position of the company (Mindtools.com, 2016). For the Fortescue Metals Group Limited, the competitors are all older and larger companies like BHP Billiton Ltd, Rio Tinto Ltd and Hancock Prospecting Pty Ltd. While these companies are highly diversified and have a larger customer base, Fortescue Metals Group Limited by its nature of operations has limited itself to a single client. The possibility of being edged out by these larger companies as well as the possibility that the buyer would shift loyalties if offered a better deal by any or all the competitors is a matter of grave concern for the company headed by Mr. Forrest Threat of Substitution: This refers to the possibility of the client to find a better alternative for the product or services being offered by the company. The possibility of easy and viable substitution is an important factor that would impact this factor (Mindtools.com, 2016). For Fortescue Metals Group Limited, the threat of substitution would arise not only from competitors and rivals in its own country but also from the possibility of China being able to procure a similar or even better quality ore at cheaper prices from alternate countries like India or Africa. Since China is looking at huge volume of exports it is in a position to dictate terms to not just Fortescue Metals Group Limited but also to negotiate better process with countries that would not have to incur similar costs in procuring and processing the iron ore. Threat of New Entry: This refers to the possibility of newer companies entering the same market (Mindtools.com, 2016) on similar lines as Fortescue Metals Group Limited entered the mining segment even when there were bigger players like BHP Billiton Ltd, Rio Tinto Ltd and Hancock Prospecting Pty Ltd. The possibility of these newer players adopting tactics like undercutting prices to make inroads into the market cannot be discounted. Summary Of Strategy Plans The company strategy is to maximize its contribution to the employment market and national GDP through its exports. While the efforts put in by the Fortescue Metals Group Limited are commendable, the same cannot be deemed sufficient in light of its current financial statements. The strategy to concentrate on a single market and reduce its diversification into other markets is a strategy that calls for urgent measures to counteract the expected fall in profits and decline in exports (Balancedscorecard.org, 2016). The company projects are too optimistic given the analysis of its latest annual reports. Market Share And Size Fortescue Metals Group Limited based in Western Australia is into the business of exporting Iron ore to China. The company primarily caters to the Chinese markets. Unfortunately, while the company is looking at expanding its mining capacity, it is faced with the ground reality of its declining market share in the Chinese markets. The market size of Fortescue Metals Group is presently at US$ 7083 million due to its overall decline in revenues from all markets (Fortescue Metals Group Limited Annual Report, 2016). Current Situation The company is presently well placed in terms of its commitment and capability to meet the projected exports for the coming year. However, it is important to consider the fact that the company is entirely optimistic in its projected figures and has not put into place any alternative mechanism in case it is unable to continue exporting to China. On the basis of Porters five forces analysis, it would be accurate to state that Fortescue Metals Group Limited is liable to competition from rivals, threat of substitution as well as the impact of buyer power in lowering prices (Pearce and Robinson, 2011). Any or all these factors would impact the profitability of the company and its ability to service the current debt position, as well as its ability to take on further debts as indicated by the CFO. The financial statements show that the revenue from China is US $ 6,789 million and forms the major part of its revenue of US $ 7,083 million. However, the year on year figures show that Chinas c ontribution has come down from US$ 8047 million to the current figure of US$ 6,789 million (Fortescue Metals Group Limited Annual Report, 2016). Comments And Recommendation Based on the current position, as well as Porters five forces analysis, Fortescue Metals Group Limited should consider exploring its export options and consolidating its position as a important exporter of iron ore. While the company has made significant inroads into the industry and boasts of good growth, as well as the guidance of persons like Andrew Forrest; it is imperative that the company looks at not only consolidating its position in exporting iron ore to China, but also to expand both its customer base as well as make efforts to enter newer markets in developing countries which would need iron ore for their infrastructural improvements (Kach et al., 2016). Annual Report The annual report of the company shows a robust growth. The company as posted a Net Profit after Tax of US$ 985 million, which is a significant growth of US$699 million over the previous year. The company was able to give an interim dividend of 3 cents per share and a final dividend of 12 cents per share, taking the total dividend paid during the year to 15 cents; an increase of 10 cents, over the dividend payout during the previous year. There is a marginal increase in retained earnings which has contributed to the increase in total equity of the company (Fortescue Metals Group Limited Annual Report, 2016). The net profit before tax in the current year shows a significant increase of US$ 934 million, year on year. Unfortunately, the income statement of Fortescue Metals Group Limited shows a marginal decline in assets, both current and non-current over the previous year, with cash and equivalents as well as inventories contributing to the decline. This means that the liquidity of the company has reduced significantly. On the liabilities side, the current liabilities are not affected to a great degree. However the non-current liabilities show a sharp decline in borrowings as well as an increase in the deferred tax liabilities of the company (Fortescue Metals Group Limited Annual Report, 2016). The cash flows statement shows both the cash receipts from customers as well as payments to suppliers have fallen drastically. However, the fall in income tax payable has helped improve the net operating cash inflow. The investments made have also sharply declined and this has contributed to the overall profitability of the company. There has been a huge decrease in cash and cash equivalents which reflects on the current liquidity of the company (Fortescue Metals Group Limited Annual Report, 2016). Conclusion The Fortescue Metals Group Limited is looking at a long term decline in growth on the basis on the data contained in its financial statements. Despite the increase in profits posted by the company, the decline in liquidity as shown by decline in inventory levels as well as the cash position is an indicator of the long term viability of the company. It is suggested that Fortescue Metals Group Limited look at entering newer markets in order to overcome the expected fall in demand from China. The companys decline in revenues from other markets by close to 50 per cent is also a indication of its inability to increase its market penetration in other countries and this needs to be addressed on priority (Bradley, 2016). References Australianmining.com.au. (2016).Australian Mining | Australia's home for mining industry news. [online] Available at: https://www.australianmining.com.au/ [Accessed 13 Dec. 2016]. Balancedscorecard.org. (2016).The Basics of Strategic Planning, Strategic Management and Strategy Execution. [online] Available at: https://balancedscorecard.org/Resources/Strategic-Planning-Basics [Accessed 13 Dec. 2016]. Fitzpatrick, B., Nguyen, Q. and Cayan, Z. (2015). An Upgrade To Competitive Corporate Analysis: Creation Of A Personal Finance Platform To Strengthen Porters Five Competitive Forces Model In Utilizing.Journal of Business Economics Research (JBER), 13(1), p.54. Fortescue Metals Group Limited Annual Report. 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